# Kraków annexed by Austria (1846)

URL: https://poland-history.com/timeline/1846-krakow-annexed-by-austria
Location: Kraków

After the uprising the three partitioning powers agreed to end the Free City of Kraków, which was incorporated into Austria as the Grand Duchy of Kraków. Within the broader Partitioned Poland period: Without a state, Poles preserved their nation through uprisings, emigration, Romantic literature, 'organic work' and modern political movements, while facing Russification and Germanisation. At this point in the timeline (1846), the governing authority was Nicholas I (King of Poland (Tsar of Russia)). Crowned King of Poland in Warsaw in 1829; declared deposed by the Sejm in 1831, he crushed the November Uprising and revoked Polish autonomy. Kraków annexed by Austria mattered because it altered the structure of power and the direction of Polish statehood. The event is placed here so readers can follow it alongside changes in government, warfare, society, religion and culture across Polish history.

## Why it matters
Kraków annexed by Austria mattered because it altered the structure of power and the direction of Polish statehood.

Ruler at the time: [Nicholas I](https://poland-history.com/rulers/nicholas-i)

## Sources
- [Wikipedia — Free City of Cracow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_City_of_Cracow)
- [Encyclopaedia Britannica topic lookup — Kraków annexed by Austria](https://www.britannica.com/search?query=Krak%C3%B3w+annexed+by+Austria)
- [Wikipedia — History of Poland (1795–1918) (period overview)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1795%E2%80%931918))